Blood Clotting Cascade Part 1 of 2 Medical Video by Cardiology

Blood Clotting Cascade Part 1 of 2

Cardiology

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THE BLOOD CLOTTING CASCADE 1. A cut occurs and Hageman Factor sticks to the surface of cells near the wound. Bound Hageman Factor reacts with another enzyme called HMK to produce Activate Hageman. 2. Pre Kallikrein reacts with Activated Hageman to produce Kallikrein. 3. Hageman Factor also reacts with HMK and Kallikrein to form Activated Hageman. 4. PTA reacts with Activated Hageman and HMK to produce Activated PTA. 5. Christmas Factor reacts with Activated PTA and Convertin to produce Activated Christmas Factor. 6. Antihemophilic Factor is activated by Thrombin to produce Activated Antihemophilic Factor. 7. Stuart Factor reacts with Activated Christmas Factor and Activated Antihemophilic Factor to produce Activated Stuart Factor. 8. Proconvertin is activated by Activated Hageman Factor to produce Convertin. 9. When a cut occurs, Tissue Factor (which is only found outside of cells) is brought in near the wound where it reacts with Convertin and Stuart Factor to produce Activated Stuart Factor. (Note that step 9 involves an extrinsic process whereas step 7 is an intrinsic process.) 10. Proaccelerin is activated by Thrombin to produce Accelerin. 11a. GLU-Prothrombin reacts with Prothrombin Enzyme and Vitamin K to produce GLA-Prothrombin. (Note that Prothrombin cannot be activated in the GLU form so it must be formed into the GLA form. In this process ten amino acids must be changed from glutamate to gama carboxy glutamate.) 11b. GLA-Prothrombin is them able to bind to Calcium. This allows GLA-Prothrombin to stick to surfaces of cells. Only intact modified Calcium-Prothrombin Complex can bind to the cell membrane and be cleaved by Activated Stuart and Accelerin to produce Thrombin. 12. Prothrombin-Ca (bound to cell surface) is activated by Activated Stuart to produce Thrombin. 13. Prothrombin also reacts with Activated Stuart and Accelerin to produce Thrombin. (Step 13 is much faster than step 12.) 14. Fibrinogen is activated by Thrombin to produce Fibrin. Threads of Fibrin are the final clot. However, it would be more effective if the Fibrin threads could form more cross links with each other. 15. FSF (Fibrin Stabilizing Factor) is activated by Thrombin to form Activated FSF. 16. When Fibrin reacts with Activated FSF many more cross ties are made with other Fibrin filaments to form a more effective clot. Well now, I am wondering to myself whether you are experiencing frustration or intrigue, weariness or excitement. There are a lot of details but let me ask you a leading question. Is this intricate system something that man developed or is it something that man has discovered? Blood clotting is not an invention of man. It is the invention of either God or "Mother Nature" (i.e., it invented itself). Regardless of how you believe the clotting cascade came to be, (Accident or Design) the fact remains that blood clotting is a clear example of irreducible complexity which clearly indicates design. Let us next consider that this irreducibly complex system of blood clotting must have a way to remove the clot once the wound has healed. How is this done? 17a. A blood protein, Plasminogen is activated by + - Pa to produce Plasmin. This acts like tiny chemical scissors which cuts up the Fibrin filaments of the clot. 17b. The rate at which the clot is broken up is controlled by yet another blood protein named Alpha 2 Antiplasm, which in turn inactivates Plasmin. One of the most important parts of this whole blood cloning machine is the ability it has to keep the clotting localized to the area of the wound and to stop the clotting cascade. What is the biggest killer of human beings? That's right, blood clots. Most heart attacks and strokes are caused by blood clots lodging. I believe the way your body shuts down the clotting cascade is as fascinating as the clotting process itself. 18. An%###!hrombin inactivates Activated Christmas, Activated Stuart and Thrombin. 19. Protein C is activated by Thrombin to produce Activated Protein C. 20. Activated Protein C inactivates Accelerin and Activated Antihemophilic. 21. Finally, Thrombomodulin which lines the inside of your blood vessels prevents Thrombin from activating Fibrinogen.